尿路结石的组分
结石组分 | 所有结石的百分比* | 常见病因 |
|---|---|---|
草酸钙 | 40–80 | 高尿钙症 低枸橼酸尿 |
磷酸钙 | 18–24 | 高尿钙症 甲状旁腺功能亢进 低枸橼酸尿 |
胱氨酸 | 1–2 | |
磷酸铵镁结石（鸟粪石） | 5–15 | 尿素分解细菌引起的尿路感染 |
尿酸 | 5–10 | 尿pH<5.5 高尿酸尿症（偶见） |
*总百分比加起来超过100%，因为大约40%的结石成分是混合的。 数据改编自以下来源： Singh P, Enders FT, Vaughan LE, et al.Stone Composition Among First-Time Symptomatic Kidney Stone Formers in the Community. Mayo Clin Proc.2015;90(10):1356-1365.doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.07.016; Moe OW.Kidney stones: pathophysiology and medical management. Lancet.2006;367(9507):333-344.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68071-9 Zreik R, Pilosov Solomon I, Saliba W, et al.The relationship between patients' kidney stone type and demographics in Israel: analysis of 10 K patients. World J Urol.2023;41(6):1641-1646.doi:10.1007/s00345-023-04424-w Zhang D, Li S, Zhang Z, et al.Urinary stone composition analysis and clinical characterization of 1520 patients in central China. Sci Rep.2021;11(1):6467.Published 2021 Mar 19.doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85723-3 Scales CD Jr, Curtis LH, Norris RD, et al.Changing gender prevalence of stone disease. J Urol.2007;177(3):979-982.doi:10.1016/j.juro.2006.10.069 Tundo G, Vollstedt A, Meeks W, Pais V.Beyond Prevalence: Annual Cumulative Incidence of Kidney Stones in the United States. J Urol.2021;205(6):1704-1709.doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000001629 | ||