印度人参是一种常绿灌木,生长在亚洲和非洲。该灌木的根部和浆果被用来制作阿育吠陀的药物。( 阿育吠陀 是印度的传统医疗系统。)ashwagandha的名称来源于梵语,翻译为“马的气味”。
南非醉茄的宣称功效
印度人参,也被称为 睡茄,据说可以增强肌肉力量,减轻压力并改善睡眠。人们也对南非醉茄用于治疗骨关节炎感兴趣。
南非醉茄的证据
支持南非醉茄在改善压力、睡眠质量或其他状况方面益处的证据一直有限,部分原因在于所研究的南非醉茄提取物存在变异性(1)。然而,对 12 项随机试验的荟萃分析显示,在 1002 名成年人中,特定剂量的南非醉茄与安慰剂进行了比较,结果显示焦虑和压力在统计学上显著降低(2)。一些临床实践指南指出,每日服用南非醉茄根提取物已被用作广泛性焦虑障碍(3)患者的辅助治疗。
有人提出,南非醉茄提取物通过降低皮质醇水平(4)和提高血清素水平(5)来减轻压力和焦虑。
也有来自随机试验的数据支持南非醉茄可能对睡眠有轻微益处。一项随机试验的荟萃分析比较了胶囊形式的南非醉茄提取物与安慰剂,结果显示睡眠时间和质量有小幅改善,尤其是在接受>8周治疗的成人中(6)。尽管未报告严重不良反应,但仍需更长期的安全性数据。
南非醉茄的不良反应
南非醉茄的药物相互作用
印度人参可以与甲状腺激素和抗高血糖、抗高血压、免疫抑制剂和镇静药物相互作用。(见表一些可能的膳食补充剂-药物相互作用.)
参考文献
1.Speers AB, Cabey KA, Soumyanath A, Wright KM.Effects of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) on stress and the stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders anxiety, depression, and insomnia.Curr Neuropharmacol.19(9):1468-1495, 2021.doi: 10.2174/1570159X19666210712151556
2.Akhgarjand C, Asoudeh F, Bagheri A, et al.Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress?A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res.2022;36(11):4115-4124.doi:10.1002/ptr.7598
3.Sarris J, Ravindran A, Yatham LN, et al.Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Taskforce. World J Biol Psychiatry.2022;23(6):424-455.doi:10.1080/15622975.2021.2013041
4.Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Mundkur L.A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore).2023;102(41):e35521.doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000035521
5.Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Murali A, Vishwanathan DT, Mamidala RV, Mundkur L.A Standardized Withania somnifera (Linn.)Root Extract with Piperine Alleviates the Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression by Increasing Serotonin Levels: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Integr Complement Med.2024;30(5):459-468.doi:10.1089/jicm.2023.0279
6.Cheah KL, Norhayati MN, Husniati Yaacob L, Abdul Rahman R.Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One.2021;16(9):e0257843.Published 2021 Sep 24.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257843
7.Björnsson HK, Björnsson ES, Avula B, et al.Ashwagandha-induced liver injury: A case series from Iceland and the US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Liver Int.2020;40(4):825-829.doi:10.1111/liv.14393
8.Lopresti AL, Drummond PD, Smith SJ.A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study examining the hormonal and vitality effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in aging, overweight males. Am J Mens Health.13(2):1557988319835985, 2019.doi:10.1177/1557988319835985
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