[{"Title":"移植物排斥反应和移植物抗宿主病","UniqueID":"v27885137_zh","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

所有接受的同种异体移植的受者都要面临移植排斥的问题，受者的免疫系统会将移植物识别为异体组织并攻击它，接受含有免疫细胞的器官移植还可能出现移植物抗宿主问题。含有免疫细胞（特别是骨髓、肠和肝脏）的移植物的接受者处于移植物抗宿主病的风险中，其中，供体免疫细胞会攻击受体组织。在移植期间和移植后，通过移植前筛查和移植后免疫抑制的使用可将这些并发症的风险降至最低。

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"器官分配","UniqueID":"v996369_zh","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

在美国，已经为肝脏和其他器官实施了器官分配系统。在这一制度下，移植候选人会根据医疗紧急情况以及捐赠医院与移植医院之间的距离来接受器官。该系统取代了以前主要基于捐赠服务区域和移植区域地理边界的系统。现在，所有成年已故捐赠者的肝脏和其他器官首先提供给最迫切需要（状态 1A 和 1B）并在捐赠医院 500 海里范围内的移植医院列出的兼容移植候选者。在向最紧急的候选人提供器官后，器官将提供给捐赠医院 150、250 和 500 海里范围内的医院的候选人。在肾脏分配中，等待时间仍然是一个重要因素，对于所有器官，儿科器官主要首先分配给儿科候选人。

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]},{"Title":"移植前免疫学配型","UniqueID":"v996373_zh","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

由于昂贵的移植费用和珍贵的供体器官，为了尽量减少移植的风险，医疗团队必须在移植前对可能的受者进行医学和非医学的配型和筛查以提高移植的成功率。捐赠者接受医学筛查、心理筛查和实验室研究，包括评估感染风险的测试。

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[{"Title":"组织相容性","UniqueID":"v996378_zh","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"感染","UniqueID":"v996385_zh","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"接受移植的禁忌症","UniqueID":"v996389_zh","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"移植后免疫抑制","UniqueID":"v996396_zh","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

免疫抑制剂能控制移植物排斥，对移植的成功非常重要（见表用于治疗移植排斥反应的免疫抑制剂）。但是，它们同时会抑制整个免疫系统的功能，造成移植后的许多问题，包括发展为癌症，加速心血管疾病发生，甚至是全身感染致死。

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[{"Title":"皮质激素","UniqueID":"v996401_zh","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂","UniqueID":"v996404_zh","Index":2.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"嘌呤代谢抑制剂","UniqueID":"v996417_zh","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"雷帕霉素","UniqueID":"v996426_zh","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"免疫抑制性免疫球蛋白","UniqueID":"v996434_zh","Index":5.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"单克隆抗体（mAbs）","UniqueID":"v996439_zh","Index":6.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"其他药物","UniqueID":"v39369480_zh","Index":7.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"放射治疗","UniqueID":"v996447_zh","Index":8.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"治疗进展","UniqueID":"v996451_zh","Index":9.0,"Summary":"

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"移植后并发症","UniqueID":"v996461_zh","Index":5.0,"Summary":"

包括下列并发症：

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[{"Title":"排斥","UniqueID":"v27885213_zh","Index":1.0,"Summary":"

包括下列并发症：

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"肾脏疾病","UniqueID":"v996596_zh","Index":3.0,"Summary":"

包括下列并发症：

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"肿瘤","UniqueID":"v996601_zh","Index":4.0,"Summary":"

包括下列并发症：

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]},{"Title":"其他并发症","UniqueID":"v996607_zh","Index":5.0,"Summary":"

包括下列并发症：

","HeadType":"G_Head","SchemeItemProp":"itemprop=\"associatedAnatomy\" itemscope itemtype=\"http://schema.org/AnatomicalStructure\"","Children":[]}]},{"Title":"更多信息","UniqueID":"v69552611_zh","Index":6.0,"Summary":"

以下英语资源可能会有用。请注意，本手册对这些资源的内容不承担任何责任。

","HeadType":"F_Head","SchemeItemProp":"","Children":[]}]